Are You Using the Right Term?

As Maya Angelou famously said, “People will forget what you said, people will forget what you did, but people will never forget how you made them feel.” Words matter, even when they’re not spoken aloud.

In the world of autism and communication differences, few terms spark more confusion than nonverbal vs nonspeaking. Though often used interchangeably, these words carry different implications, both in how society views autistic individuals and how those individuals view themselves.

For families, educators, and professionals, understanding this distinction is not only helpful, it’s essential for respectful, affirming support.

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What does “nonverbal” mean?

Nonverbal is a term rooted in clinical and medical language.

It traditionally refers to individuals who do not use spoken language, a condition that may be related to developmental delays, neurological differences, or physical impairments.

However, this term can be problematic.

While it points to a lack of speech, it may incorrectly suggest a lack of all communication or ability, reinforcing outdated and harmful assumptions.

Many autistic self-advocates have pushed back on the use of “nonverbal” because of its connotation that a person is “silent” or incapable of language.

For example, someone labeled nonverbal may still communicate actively, just not through spoken language.

What does “nonspeaking” mean?

The term “nonspeaking” is widely preferred within the autistic community because it reflects what many individuals have said about their lived experiences.

It’s not about what someone can’t do; it’s about how they communicate. Many self-advocates describe the label “nonverbal” as limiting or dismissive, particularly for those who are minimally speaking.

It implies a lack of language ability or cognitive function. In contrast, nonspeaking centers focus on communication strengths, rather than perceived deficits.

This terminology shift is part of a larger movement within the disability and neurodiversity communities: to reclaim language in a way that reflects dignity, intelligence, and capability. 

Language shapes identity; not only how others see us, but how we see ourselves.

When it comes to nonspeaking children, the words we choose can either honor the many ways they communicate or make them feel unseen.

It’s important to note that language preferences are deeply personal and continue to evolve within the community.

When possible, asking someone what terms they prefer honors their identity and autonomy.

How do nonspeaking autistic people communicate?

Many nonspeaking individuals are highly capable of understanding and using language. They simply express it in ways other than speech.

Whether through writing, sign language, typing on a keyboard, or using AAC devices, they often communicate clearly and meaningfully when provided the right tools and support.

That’s where AAC (Augmentative and Alternative Communication) comes in.

AAC refers to the wide range of tools and strategies that support communication for individuals who cannot rely on speech.

These tools can be tailored to meet diverse needs and abilities, and they vary in complexity:

• Low-tech options for kids include: Gestures, sign language, and simple choice boards
• Mid-tech tools: Picture-based systems like PECS or single-message voice buttons
• High-tech options: Speech-generating devices (SGDs) and tablet-based communication apps

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AAC can be life-changing. These tools give children and adults a way to share thoughts, build relationships, and advocate for their needs.

Many AAC systems are also designed to be accessible, with features that accommodate a variety of motor, sensory, or cognitive needs.

It is important to remember that AAC success doesn’t happen automatically.

Success requires thoughtful implementation, ongoing modeling, and collaborative training for both the communicator and their support network.

Communication partners play a key role. By consistently using and responding to AAC, they show the child that their voice matters.

It’s also vital to give AAC users enough time to express themselves. Selecting icons or typing takes longer than speaking, and rushing the process can unintentionally interrupt or discourage communication.

Patience, respect, and a supportive environment go a long way in building confidence.

For many nonspeaking individuals, AAC is more than just a tool—it’s their language. And through it, their voices can be heard.

Why using the right language matters

Language shapes perception. When we refer to someone as nonverbal, we may (even unconsciously) see them through a limited lens.

This can lead to lowered expectations or incorrect assumptions about intelligence or emotional depth, especially for those with developmental disabilities.

Nonspeaking, by contrast, validates a person’s identity as a communicator, even if that communication doesn’t involve speech.

That’s why self-advocates and professionals are advocating for this terminology shift. It reframes how society sees nonspeaking individuals and honors their experience.

Using respectful and accurate language to describe individuals is a form of advocacy. Terminology should highlight capabilities, not just challenges.

Nonspeaking does not mean low functioning. Many nonspeaking individuals are highly intelligent, observant, and expressive, once provided with the right means to communicate.

Supporting nonspeaking children at home and school

The best way to support a nonspeaking child is to start with the belief that they are capable.

Presuming competence means trusting that all children can think, learn, and communicate, whether they speak or not.

From there, support becomes about access and opportunity. This includes introducing AAC systems early, honoring all forms of communication, and allowing children the time and space they need to respond.

Consistency is key. Families, teachers, and caregivers should integrate communication opportunities into daily routines, from meals and play to transitions and downtime. 

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Collaboration with professionals, such as speech-language pathologists, can ensure AAC systems are tailored to the child’s needs and adjusted over time.

When adults use AAC alongside the child and respond to their attempts with encouragement and engagement, it builds confidence and reinforces connection.

Over time, these moments add up, laying the foundation for meaningful, lifelong communication.

Embracing all forms of communication

Communication doesn’t begin and end with spoken words. Whether it’s gestures, signs, symbols, typing, or speech, every form of communication holds value.

When we take the time to understand and honor how someone communicates, we send a powerful message: your voice matters, no matter how it’s expressed.

As professionals, caregivers, and community members, we have a responsibility to use language that reflects dignity, not limitation.

Choosing terms like nonspeaking instead of nonverbal, especially in discussions about nonverbal autism, may seem small. However, it signals a larger shift toward inclusion, understanding, and respect.

Language is always evolving, and as we learn more from autistic individuals and advocates, we too can evolve in how we listen, speak, and support.

Let’s keep growing and learning from those with lived experience, creating a world where all forms of communication are celebrated.

Every child deserves to be heard, understood, and empowered.

FAQs

Q: Does nonverbal mean not talking?

A: Yes, but it can be misleading. It implies a total absence of communication, which is rarely true. Most prefer “nonspeaking” to describe someone who doesn’t speak but does communicate.

Q: Can nonverbal children eventually learn to talk?

A: Some may develop speech; others may not. What’s important is that they have a reliable way to communicate, whether through speech or alternative methods.

Q: Why do I go nonverbal when I’m upset?

A: Many autistic individuals experience temporary loss of speech during emotional or sensory overload. It’s a response, not a choice.

Q: Do you say nonverbal or nonspeaking?

A: Most advocates prefer nonspeaking, as it recognizes communication ability rather than focusing on what’s missing. When in doubt, ask the individual what they prefer.